Mar
precaution is superior then cure
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Envision a healthy tissue containing thousands of cells. Each cell serves the greater good, which is the continuation of a person’s life. Each cell is programmed so that when the cell is old or no longer needed, it dies a peaceful and timely death. This death is call apoptosis. All cells are in communication, which grants for the smooth repair and replacement of tissues and other aspects of cell behavior. Communication takes place either indirectly, via exchange of messenger compounds such as hormones and growth factors, or directly via cell-to-cell contact. Contact allows cells to respond to the “feel” of neighboring cells, via cell adhesion molecules, and to exchange messenger molecules through cell-to-cell portals called gap junctions. With the help of proper communication, appropriate cells proliferate when new cells are needed, and when enough new cells have been produced, cell division stops.”
Cancer cells don’t act like the healthy cells described above. Let’s discuss the pathogenesis of cancer.
Initiation: The transformation of a normal cell into a neoplastic cell occurs in response to one or more initiating factors. The primary initiating factors appear to be chemical carcinogens, viruses, and ionizing radiation. No matter what the source of insult, the result is damaged DNA, leading to mistakes when the cell divides with the eventual outcome of transformation into a cancer cell (neoplasm). Actually mistakes in DNA replication happen all the time and our cells are equipped to handle this by either repairing the DNA, or by the cell committing a programmed cell death (apoptosis). Therefore, in order for the cell to become cancerous, it must escape these protective mechanisms.
Proliferation: In order for the individual cancer cell to propagate itself by division, it must also overcome numerous obstacles. Actually, cancer cells do die, and the only way for the individual cells to become a tumor is for the rate of cell growth to overcome the rate of cell death. It is believed that the cancer cells achieve their growth through the initiation of stem cells. Stem cells are abundant in actively growing tissues, such as in tissue repair, but they’re controlled. In neoplasms, the stem cells proliferate unchecked. Also, in cancers, the daughter cells are not fully differentiated, that’s they don’t exactly match the cell of origin. For example a malignant liver cell isn’t exactly like a liver cell; it is a mutant. Complementary approaches to cancer treatment employ natural agents that stimulate redifferentiation of the DNA.
Angiogenesis: Tumors could only reach a certain size before they would exhaust themselves of nutrients if it weren’t for angiogenesis. Simply put, this is the tumor’s ability to coax the body to supply it with a vigorous blood supply. The mechanism by which this happens is complex, and will be the subject of an entire article in the near future. A number of natural products interfere with angiogenesis and prescription drugs are in development that target angiogenesis.
Invasion: Invasion is one of the hallmark characteristics of a cancerous tumor. Normally different types of tissues have very well defined borders which is why you won’t normally find skin cells growing in deep muscle, or liver cells growing in the stomach. The astonishing human body uses a myriad of mechanisms to maintain order and boundaries, yet somehow cancerous tumors have the ability to invade and pierce these protective barriers. The biochemistry by which this happens is complex and in many respects not well understood.
Metastases: Metastases is another “hallmark” of cancerous tumors, and involves the capability of the primary tumor to “seed” via the blood stream or lymph system to distant sites where new colonies are established. Metastasis is actually not very efficient. In fact in a study of patients with renal cell carcinoma, it was found that their tumors released from ten million to one billion cancer cells into the bloodstream every day, but only 20% developed distant tumors. (Boik, “Cancer and Natural Medicine, 1996) .
Understanding of the mechanisms via which cancer cells grow and metastasize is leading towards promising complementary approaches. Each stage of development mentioned in this article can be addressed via natural products and many by prescription drugs.
The Genetics of Cancer
Cancer is fundamentally genetic, in that it arises from mutations distorting the information contained in genes. For the most part, the genetic dysfunction is not inherited, but acquired during life. In fact, probably less than 10% of cancer patients have a strongly predisposing inheritance and another 20 to 30% have a moderately predisposing inheritance (Ross, “Introduction to Oncogenes and Molecular Cancer Medicine,”1998).
All of this genetics talk can become quite confusing, so we’ll try to keep it as easy as possible. There’s no doubt that s
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there are four major phases of tumor formation. Each phase can take years to finish. The first one alone usually takes anywhere from 15 to 30 years.
The first phase occurs when normal cells mutate into tumor cells and start dividing out-of-control. This might take place over successive generations of cells. When just the right mutations occur, the cells will divide and grow to a small tumor.
The second phase is called Carcinoma in situ. This phase is classified by the presence of a cancerous tumor that has not yet invaded other tissues. This phase usually lasts between 5-10 years and is limited by the nutrient flow to the tumor. If blood vessels can be induced to grow into the tumor (angiogenesis), the tumor will progress to the next phase, called the invasive stage.
The invasive phase can happen rapidly, requiring only a few months. However, in some cases it might take up to five years. This phase is dependent on the capability of the tumor to invoke nearby blood vessels to grow toward it and provide it with nutrients - commonly referred to as angiogenesis.
Metastasis, or dissemination to other tissues if the final phase. This phase has the same time period as the invasive phase, ranging from a few months to five years.
At each phase, the cancer can either progress further or altogether diminish. If you add each phase up, the average for the cell mutating events and cancer diagnosis is 20-50 years apart. This is why cancer mostly affects older people. Actually, half of all cancers are diagnosed after the age of 65.
A Few Checks and Balances… - Mutations must occur, but the cell must still live and divide. - DNA repair mechanisms mustn’t be activated. - Our own immune system must not find the tumor and destroy it. - The tumor must get enough nutrients to continue to grow.
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are you asking about brain tumors or any other ones??
A brain tumour, like a tumour anywhere else in the body, is a result of an abnormal proliferation of cells in the brain. A primary brain tumour is one where the tumour originates from the brain cells. Secondary brain tumours are cancers originating elsewhere in the body and spreading to the brain through the blood stream. It might be mentioned that some chronic infections like tuberculosis and fungal infections often produce a tumour like moss in the brain which might mimic a cancerous lesion. A brain tumour may directly destroy brain cells or it might cause brain dysfunction by various other means.
The skull is a hard bony structure and thus provides only limited space to the structures within. Since the brain does not have any space to expand, a space-occupying tumour may be especially perilous. Brain tumours can cause indirect damage by compressing brain tissue, inflammation of the brain (cerebral oedema) and increasing the pressure within the brain (intracranial pressure) by interfering with the circulation of brain fluid (cerebrospinal fluid or CSF).
Though most tumours are classified as 'malignant' or 'benign', brain tumours are usually classified as “high grade” or rapidly growing and “low grade” or slow growing. This is because even non-cancerous brain tumours might be life threatening since they do not have space to grow and thus endanger other parts of the brain.
Brain tumours are basically of two kinds – those that originate from the layers covering the brain (meninges) and those that originate from the brain cells. The former are called meningiomas. They’re almost always non-cancerous and are simple to remove surgically. The tumours arising from the supportive tissues of the brain are called gliomas. They’re more common in adults and are more perilous, since they are usually malignant and can often not be totally removed.
The most commonly occurring tumours in adults are gliomas, while in kids, tumours usually arise near the brain stem (medulloblastoma).
Some of the common symptoms indicating a tumour in the brain are:
Frequent headaches that vary in intensity and time of the day. These headaches are usually intense in the mornings and ease out during the day.
Nausea or vomiting
Epileptic seizures or convulsions
Visual disturbances due to compression of the optic nerve or oedema of the optic disc (papilloedema)
Changes in memory functions
Changes in speech
Drowsiness and bouts of incoherence
Partial or local paralysis. Neurological deficits like weakness or paralysis of some parts of the body, loss of sensation, unsteadiness of gait (ataxia), etc.
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when the cells go through osmosis they multiply(obviously), and if something goes wrong in that process the cell is “mutated”. then once one cell isn’t normal when the mutated cell goes through osmosis, it multiplys. and after it start multiplying it will get more massive and drop cancer cells into your blood stream. you can’t really prevent it unless you eat antioxidants like pomegranites(wrong spelling) and strawberrys.Stay healthy and be careful on how you take care of your self.
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Everyone has cancer cells, in some people they just trigger.
And in some they don't. no one knows why yet.
a tumor is a group of cancerous cells which keeps collecting them over time until it is massive enough for you to notice the bump.
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Any part in Excess Growth of tissue cell might be a cause to get tumours, If it is on bone it is called as bone cancer On tissue level Cancer tumour and if it is in the region brain it is called brain tumor.